Gallbladder removal (cholecystectomy) is performed for a number of reasons, but the most common reason is the presence of stones in the gallbladder. After surgery, the problem is solved: there is no gallbladder and no stones in it, however, such patients must follow a diet for the rest of their lives.
Basic dietary rules after cholecystectomy
The goals pursued by clinical nutrition after gallbladder removal are:
- creation of maximum chemical economy of the liver;
- increased bile separation;
- ensure the normal function of the liver, bile ducts and the entire gastrointestinal tract.
According to the order of the Ministry of Health, the nutritional intake after cholecystectomy in medical institutions corresponds to the main version of the standard diet (ATD). According to the classification, the diet after gallbladder removal is treatment schedule No.
Despite some restrictions in the treatment schedule No. 5, the diet should be physiologically balanced, that is, contain the required amount of vitamins and minerals.
Daily Nutrient Content:
- protein-85-90g, of which 45-50g is protein of animal origin;
- fat-70-80g, of which up to 25-30% is vegetable fat;
- carbohydrates - 300-330g, and simple sugars - no more than 30-40g.
The daily caloric content of the treatment schedule after gallbladder removal is 2170-2400 kilocalories.
Basic principles of nutrition
- diet. Food should be fractional: up to 4-6 times a day, in small portions. Although there is no gallbladder, the bile duct is preserved, and, therefore, it must be emptied in time so that bile does not stagnate in it. In addition, small portions of food do not burden the liver and other digestive organs, which helps prevent inflammation. It is very important to eat at the same time: therefore, the work of both the liver and bile ducts is normalized. Small portions of food prevent the development of obesity, which is very important.
- food processing. Food can be steamed, baked or boiled. Microwave cooking should be avoided; multicookers and twin boilers are not prohibited. Occasionally, food stews are allowed. In the first 45 days after surgery, when cutting, the product is crushed and rubbed. The culinary processing of this type of food provides maximum mechanical savings of the liver and stomach, and also has a beneficial effect on the entire digestive tract.
- food temperature. Dishes are served only warm (15-60 degrees Celsius). Foods that are too hot and cold cause spasms of the bile ducts, irritating the stomach and duodenum.
- salt and liquid. Consumption of sodium chloride corresponds to physiological norms (8-10 grams per day). Salty foods that irritate the gastrointestinal tract and cause fluid stagnation, and subsequently bile in the body, are excluded. Fluids should be consumed up to 2 liters a day. 30 minutes before eating, it is recommended to drink 1 glass of alkaline mineral water without gas, which stimulates the flow of bile.
- alcohol. Drinking alcohol should be avoided (with rare exceptions). Ethyl alcohol causes smooth muscle spasms, and improves the tone of the bile ducts. In addition, in the absence of the gallbladder, the liver only breaks down alcohol, the load on it increases. Systematic consumption of alcoholic beverages is harmful not only by the return of previous problems with the gallbladder, but also by the development of liver cirrhosis.
- we eat delicious. Each dish should be beautifully arranged: on a table covered with tablecloths, with flowers, in a quiet atmosphere. It is necessary to eat slowly, carefully chewing each portion. This will allow you to get quite a very simple portion, which will have a good effect on weight and give minimal pressure on the gastrointestinal tract.
Prohibited Products
First of all, from the diet after gallbladder removal, it is necessary to exclude foods with high cholesterol content. He is the one who causes the thickening and stagnation of the bile and promotes the formation of stones.
Second, because most fat -breaking enzymes are not present in the composition of bile after bladder removal, the use of animal (refractory) fats should be limited.
You should also avoid products that increase bile formation and secretion of gastric and duodenal juices (extracts, spicy dishes, marinades, etc. ). It is contraindicated to eat food that lingers in the intestine for a long time, causes putrefaction and fermentation, stimulates the formation of gas.
Consumption of simple carbohydrates should also be limited: they are easily broken down, increase "bad" cholesterol levels, and are stored in the form of a layer of fat.
The list of prohibited products includes:
- breads made from premium flour, all pastries and fried dough products (pancakes, pancakes, pies, as well as cakes and pastries);
- cooking oil, margarine, lard everywhere:
- soups and broths rich in them (meat, fish, chicken);
- fatty meats and poultry (goose, duck, pork, lamb), muscular meats;
- fatty fish (mackerel, sturgeon, catfish, burbot, salmon);
- canned meat and fish;
- all sausages;
- liver (kidneys, liver, brain);
- fish caviar;
- sour and bitter vegetables (radish, radish, green onions, spinach, sorrel, daikon);
- fried eggs, egg yolks;
- marinades and pickles;
- smoked meat;
- spices: pepper, mustard, horseradish, vinegar, coriander and others;
- sour berries and fruits;
- ice cream, chocolate, cream products;
- concentrated tea, coffee, cocoa, sweet carbonated drinks, sparkling mineral water;
- beans;
- dishes from public food stores (pizza, hamburgers).
Approved Products
Meals recommended to be eaten by a person who has undergone cholecystectomy should not irritate and stimulate the gastrointestinal tract unnecessarily.
It should be used when cooking foods rich in pectin and lipotropic substances. Lipotropic substances break down cholesterol, preventing deposition on the walls of blood vessels (atherosclerosis) and accumulation in the bile, which causes its thickening. Pectin gently envelops the mucous membranes of the digestive tract, prevents the absorption of harmful substances, stimulates intestinal motility and has a healing effect.
In addition, in the clinical diet of patients after gallbladder removal, plant fiber should be included in large quantities. It not only contains vitamins, but also stimulates intestinal motility, prevents bloating, constipation and retention of food mass in it.
We should not forget about fermented milk products, because they are a valuable source of animal protein and calcium, contain live bacteria that have a beneficial effect on the intestinal microflora.
The list of permitted products includes:
- overnight or dry bread, crackers, biscuits, crackers;
- soup on secondary soup, soup on vegetable soup;
- lean meats and poultry (turkey, chicken, veal, rabbit, beef);
- ham without salt and low in fat;
- cereals, both brittle and semi-viscous (buckwheat, oatmeal);
- all seafood, as a source of iodine that neutralizes cholesterol;
- lean fish (pike, trout, salmon) as a source of unsaturated fatty acids;
- steamed protein omelet;
- vegetable oil, butter in dishes;
- cottage cheese, kefir, curdled milk, "live" yogurt, unsalted and low -fat cheese;
- fruits and berries (very sweet and sour in processed form: kissels, mousses, jellies, compotes);
- jam, marmalade, lime;
- fresh vegetables, tomatoes, cucumbers, sweet peppers, pumpkin, beets, zucchini, potatoes, carrots;
- tea with milk or lemon, weak coffee, alkaline mineral water, juices and fruit drinks;
- salted salmon, jelly fish, vinaigrette, soaked herring, fresh vegetable salad.
The need for diet
Following a diet after cholecystectomy allows you to maintain the state of the liver and bile secretion in optimal mode, normalize the overall function of the digestive tract, prevent the occurrence of unpleasant moments that often occur after removal of the gallbladder, such as bloating. , constipation and bitterness in the mouth.
Also, therapeutic nutrition after gallbladder removal prevents the development of atherosclerosis, improves the appearance of patients and stabilizes their weight.
Consequences of not following a diet
If the diet is not followed after gallbladder removal, postcholecystectomy syndrome will not take long, which is a collective concept and includes exacerbation of previous diseases of the gastrointestinal tract and the emergence of new ones.
In addition, people who neglect diet after surgery risk not only their appearance (obesity, hypovitaminosis), but also the health of other body systems.